Why some individuals develop an infection with h. pylori is not known but may be related to different strains of the bacteria and genetic factors. H. pylori is a hardy bacteria and is quite adapted to surviving in the stomach. It protects itself from the high acidity of the stomach by creating a low acid buffer zone.
It is believed that the h. pylori is acquired during childhood but some individuals do contract the infection during adulthood. The bacteria can be acquired by contact with other individuals through saliva or sharing utensils with an infected person.
Today h. pylori is screened for when an individual develops a problem with the abdomen. While there are many invasive tests to make a diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease, h. pylori is determined with a non invasive test. The two common tests to detect h. pylori include the breath and antigen test. There are also some blood tests which can detect antibodies that have formed against h.pylori.
The breath test takes advantage of the bacteria’s ability to breakdown urea. One drinks a solution of urea which has been labeled with minute amounts of radioactive carbon. Individuals who have h pylori will break down the urea and the carbon will be released. The carbon is exhaled and captured in a special bag.
The stool antigen test can detect the presence of foreign bacteria in the stools. In some individuals the above tests may suffice but if the symptoms are worse and persistent, endoscopy or some type of radiological study may be warranted.
The treatment of h. pylori involves a combination of two antibiotics and an acid inhibitor like Prilosec or Zantac. Experts recommend that the best treatment for h pylori is prevention. Washing hands and maintaining good hygiene are essential in preventing not only h. pylori but a vast number of other infections. One should also not share personal products with other individuals and avoid consumption of contaminated food or water.
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